Treasury Borrowing Running At Crisis-Era Levels

With the November quarterly refunding announcement now in the rearview mirror, we look to the Treasury’s borrowing outlook in historical context. As a reminder, we already gave our verdict last week...

... so today we wanted to give the mic to Deutsche Bank rate strategist Steven Zeng who on Friday published a chart that takes the numbers from the Treasury’s sources and uses table with adjustments to remove the fluctuations in the TGA. This provides a cleaner comparison of quarter-by-quarter borrowing. For example, the Treasury borrowed $1.01 trillion during Q2’23, with $756bn used for financing the deficit and QT, and $254bn was “saved” in the form of a higher cash balance.

In this light, Zeng notes that the Treasury’s expected borrowing for the current and the next quarter is actually larger than Q3’s, growing by about $10 billion per month. In fact, Treasury borrowing is now on par with levels during the 2020-2021 pandemic with both weaker fiscal positions and Fed QT are contributing factors.

As Zeng puts it, "with a growing view that the Fed may lengthen the duration of QT, and annual deficits projected at around $1.7- $1.8 trillion over the next few years, these issues are unlikely to go away soon." At the same time, the widening mismatch between supply and demand for Treasuries could exacerbate the issue through increased debt interest expenses.

Goldman has some even more disturbing numbers: according to the bank's rates strategist Praveen Korapaty, his outlook for Treasury supply in 2024 shows net notional issuance of $2.4 tr, which is inclusive of both bills and coupons. Gross coupon issuance would be much larger, roughly $4.2 tr, which includes issuance to cover maturing debt.

These concerns will remain in the forefront in 2024, with the TBAC highlighting this week the linkage between term premium and fiscal sustainability...

... and that debt and debt service costs should be a consideration for policymakers.